艾滋病行为干预理论概述

Review oftheories in behavior intervention of AIDS

目的介绍和梳理艾滋病行为干预的理论模型,启发和指导我国卫生工作者高效开展艾滋病防控工作。方法采用文献综述的方法,搜集在艾滋病防控领域使用的行为干预理论模型,概述各个理论模型的假设、观点和应用,并进行简要比较。结果艾滋病防控领域涌现了许多行为干预的理论模型,对艾滋病预防工作产生了深远影响。研究者早期主要着眼于指导改变感染者和易感人群的个体行为,提出了知信行模式、保护动机理论等众多优秀理论模型,并得到了广泛运用。随着艾滋病传播模式的改变,研究者开始将社会因素纳入干预范畴,构建了包含社会结构到个体行为因素在内的多层次理论模型,并将它们作为指导框架运用到干预实践中。结论艾滋病行为干预理论的研究和实践也已经从个人行为因素扩展到了社会文化因素。艾滋病已经成为一个社会问题,我国应该更加重视在理论指导下以社会文化视角开展艾滋病防控工作。

Objective To provide guidance to Chinese practitioners for AIDS prevention and control on the basis of summarizing the theories in behavior intervention of AIDS. Methods Using the literature review method, we collected the theories that were introduced in behavior intervention of AIDS. The hypotheses and key points of the theories were outlined and compared. Results In the field of AIDS control,many theoretical models of behavior intervention have emerged,and brought profound impact on AIDS control. At early stages,researchers mainly focused in guiding the change of individual behavior of infected patients and high-risk population. Some excellent theories were widely applied,and exerted profound influence on the prevention of AIDS. With the change of the transmission mode of AIDS,researchers tried to introduce social factors into the prevention category,some multi-level theories including social structure factors and individual behavior factors were constructed,and were applied as guiding framework in inter^^ention practice.Conclusion The research and practice of AIDS intervention theory have expanded from individual behavior to social and cultural factors. AIDS has become a social problem, China should pay more attention to carry out AIDS control under the theoretical guidance with social and cultural perspective.