法国文物建筑征收制度研究

A Study of the Expropriation of Monument Historique in Private Hands in France

法国的文物建筑保护制席起始于法国大革命,历经两次世界大战的打击,形成了一套比较完备的文物建筑征收制度。文物建筑因其具有历史、艺术等特殊价值,先后受到《历史纪念物法》和《法国遗产法典》的规制,特定情况下国家可依据《不动产征收法典》对其进行征收。文物建筑的征收以其具有公共利益为前提,公共利益的判断是征收程序设置中的核心问题。文物建筑的征收过程也是一个公共利益与产权人个人利益求得平衡的过程。法国文物建筑征收制度在程序启动者的设置、司法对征收程序的介入方面有其独特之处,法国的经验或许会给我国的文物建筑征收制度带来启发。

The protection of Historic M onuments in France began as early as the end of the French Revolution. Since it lived through the tw o w orld w ars,this set of legislation has gradually evolved into one of the most studied and adopted in the w orld.These monuments,because of their historical,artistic and scientific value,are the object of regulation of "the Law of Historical M onuments"( 1913) and later of "the Code du patrimoine"( 2004). Under certain conditions,the law allow s the State to expropriate these assets in private hands. The expropriation must be based on the existence of a public interest w hich is the paramount issue in the proceedings. M eanw hile,it is a balancing act betw een the public interest and the private interest of the private ow ner as w ell. The French system of expropriating historic monuments is characterized by its initiation mechanism on one hand and the intervention of the judicial system on the other,w hich may illuminate this issue in China.