从“贾岛现象”透视晚唐佛禅山水诗“苦谛”主题

A Study of the Theme “duhkha-satya” in Landscape Poems of Buddhism in the Late Tang Dynasty from the Perspective of “Jia-dao Phenomenon”

佛禅山水诗人贾岛一生主要游走于佛门与江湖,他的诗歌以幽冷、荒寒、枯寂之境传达悲苦之意,这种诗歌风格在晚唐五代影响很大,形成"贾岛现象"。"贾岛现象"的形成既与末世悲苦的社会现实有关,更与佛禅"苦谛"思想有着深刻的关系。从山水诗发展史上看,"贾岛现象"是中唐"心造之境"诗歌理论在创作上的反映,是盛唐直觉观照的山水诗和宋代哲理山水诗之间的过渡。

Buddhist landscape poet Jia-dao spends his w hole life in w andering betw een Buddhism and society. His poems convey the grief and sorrow emotion through the cold and lonely artistic conception. This style of poetry has a great influence on poets in the late Tang dynasty and this agitation forms"Jia-dao phenomenon". The formation of"Jia-dao phenomenon"is not only related to the tragic social reality but also deeply related to the Buddhist " duhkha-satya " thought. M oreover,from the history of the development of landscape poetry,"Jia-dao phenomenon"is a reflection of the poetic theory "the artistic conception constructed by the heart"and also a transition from the landscape poetry of the Tang dynasty to the poetry of the Song dynasty.