施用钾肥对转基因棉花邯棉802黄萎病发病及产量的影响

Effect of Potassium Fertilizer on Verticillium Wilt Incidence and Yield of Transgenic Cotton Hanmian 802

[目的]探索实现常规棉高产的适宜施钾水平。[方法]以转基因常规棉邯棉802为试验材料,设氯化钾施肥量0(不施肥,CK)、120、180、240、300 kg/hm^2共5个处理,在最佳施肥方式(基施和花铃期追施各占50%)和最佳种植密度(52 500株/hm^2)条件下,研究不同施钾量对棉花黄萎病发病株率和产量的影响。[结果]邯棉802对钾肥需求十分敏感,施用钾肥能有效降低棉花黄萎病的发生程度,显著促进棉花总铃数和单铃重的增加,明显提高棉花产量,且效果均随施钾量的增加而逐渐提高。其中,施钾量≤240 kg/hm^2时,不同施钾量处理的效果差异均达到了显著水平;施钾量>240 kg/hm^2时,继续加大施肥水平,增效作用不再明显。[结论]该研究条件下,邯棉802的氯化钾经济施肥量为240 kg/hm^2,该处理下,棉花黄萎病发病株率为15.0%,较CK降低64.29%;产量为4 630.4 kg/hm^2,较CK增产35.00%。

[ Objective] To explore the suitable potassium level of high yield for conventional cotton. [ Method] Taking the transgenic cotton Han-mian 802 as test material,different potassium fertilizer treatments（0,120,180,240 and 300 kg/ hm2） wereer on verticillium wilt diseased plants rate and yield of cotton were studied under the best fertilizer （ base fertilizer and topdressing during the blooming period each accounted for 50% ） and the optimum planting density （52 500 plants/hm2） conditions. [ Result] Hanmia 802 was sensi-tive to demand for potassium fertilizer,potassium fertilizer can effectively reduce the occurrence degree of cotton verticillium wilt,significantly pro-mote the total cotton boll number and boll weight,significantly increase the yield of cottincreased. Among them,the amount of potassium was less than 240 kg/hm2 ,the different effects of differeWhen potassium fertilizer 〉 240 kg hm2,continuously increase the fertilization level,the synergistic effect was not obvious. [ Conclusion] Underthe condition of this study,the economic fertilization amouut of potassium chloride for Hanmian 802 was 240 kg/hmtion rate was 15. 0% , 64. 29% lower than CK, the yield was 4 630.4 kg/hm2, increased by 35. 00%