青海省春小麦农户施肥状况调查研究

Investigation on Current Fertilization of Spring Wheat in Qinghai Province

[目的]为摸清青海春小麦施肥现状,指导科学施肥。[方法]2010-2011年开展农户施肥习惯的访谈问卷调查。[结果]西宁海东地区、海南地区和柴达木绿洲农业区小麦平均产量分别为4 198.0、5 457.4和6 361.6 kg/hm^2,全省平均产量为4 869.6 kg/hm^2;小麦氮肥(N)投入量为137~225 kg/hm^2,磷肥(P_2O_5)130~161 kg/hm^2,钾肥(K2O)0~24 kg/hm^2,;当前小麦施肥中,氮肥、磷肥施肥量不足与过量并存,钾肥和有机肥投入严重不足;农户施用肥料品种较为单一,基肥以磷酸二铵、尿素和有机肥为主,追肥以尿素为主。[结论]该研究可为青海省小麦生产中的肥料使用提供参考。

[ Objective ] The aim is to know the situation of fertilization application of spring wheat to guide the application of fertilization . [ Meth-od] Questionnaire survey and interview was launched to make clear the current state of fertilization . [ Result ] Average yield of wheat in eastern, southern and Qaidam oasis agricultural zone wa 4 198. 0 kg/hm2,5 457. 4 kg/hm2 and 6 361. 6 kg/hm2,respectively, and that was4 869. 6 kg/hm2 for the whole province. The usage of N was from 137 kg/hm2 to 225 kg/hm2, and that of P205 was from 130 kg/hm2 to 161 kghm2 ,ad that of K 2〇 was from 0 to 24 kghm2. The main question reflected from the result was the abuse of N and P fertilizer and the se-rious deficiency of K fertilizer and organic manure. The selection of different fertilizer was limited for farmers. The DAP, Urea and organic manure, while top dressing fertilizer was depend on Urea. [ Conclution application in wheat production of Qinghai.