2015年云南省食物中毒流行特征分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Food Poisoning Events in Yunnan Province in 2015

目的分析云南省2015年食物中毒发生情况,为制定有效预防控制措施和策略提供科学依据.方法应用流行病学和统计学的方法,对2015年1至12月云南省食物中毒情况进行分析.结果 2015年云南省食物中毒事件共报告565起,中毒3 994人,死亡46人,病死率1.15%;第二、三季度食物中毒发病率分别为40.58%和25.93%;家庭和学校是食物中毒暴发的高发场所,中毒人数分别占47.2%(1 802/3 820)和17.0%(651/3 820),发生在家庭的死亡人数占总死亡数的91.3%(42/46),场所分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);中毒原因以动植物性为主,其发病人数占总发病人数的70.9%(2 697/3 803),死亡人数占总死亡数的95.5%(42/44);野生菌为主要的病因食品,发病人数占总发病人数的42.6%(1 570/3 683),死亡人数占总死亡数的72.7%(32/44).中毒食品比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论云南省食物中毒的场所是家庭和学校,中毒原因主要由动植物性引起,中毒食品主要是野生菌,应加强家庭和学校食物中毒的防控,重点针对野生菌引起的食物中毒.

Objective To analyze the food poisoning events reported in Yunnan province,2015 and provideevidence for prevention and control of food poisoning. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis wasconducted on the data of food poisoning events. We analyzed the food poisoning situation in Yunnan Province,2015.Results The number of food poisoning events reported was 565,the number of food poisoning patients was 3994,and the number of death caused by the events was 46, with a fatality rate of 1.15%.Most of the events occurred fromSecond and third quarter,their incidence rates were respectively 40.58% and 25.93% . Food poisoning mostlyoccurred in families and schools,the number of food poisoning patients happened in families and schools wasrespectively 47.2% （ 1 802/3,820 ）and 17.0%（651/3,820）,and the number of death caused by the events was91.3% （42/46） .The difference of place distribution was statistically significant（P 〈0.01） .Most food poisoningevents were caused by toxic,plants,animals. the number of food poisoning patients was 70.9% （2 697/3 803）,the number of death caused by the events was 95.5% （42/44） .Salmonella was the main causal food,the number offood poisoning patients was 42.6% （1 570/3 683）,and the number of death caused by the events was 72.7% （32/44） . The difference of food poisoning was statistically significant（ 〈0.01） Conclusions In Yunnanprovince,poisoning places of food poisoning is the families and schools. The causes of poisoning are mainly caused by animals and plants. The food poisoning is mostly wild bacteria. So,Prevention and control of food poisoning infamilies and schools should be strengthened. In addtion, prevention and control of food poisoning caused by wild bacteria will be especially focused on.