学前儿童情绪表达自发性控制的发展及心理理论的作用

The Development of Preschool Children's Spontaneous Control of Emotional Expression and the Role of Theory of Mind

情绪表达自发性控制是儿童社会情绪能力发展的重要标志。学前儿童情绪表达自发性控制的行为、动机和信念的发展水平随年龄增长显著提高,行为和信念发展的关键期为4~5岁,动机发展的关键期为3~4岁;学前儿童心理理论能力随年龄增长显著提高,关键期为4~5岁;心理理论能力对情绪表达自发性控制的发展具有显著预测作用,且存在阶段性特征。应把握发展关键期,重视儿童情绪的早期培养;帮助儿童建立同理心,促进儿童亲社会性表达;尊重儿童学习方式,发挥父母在情绪教育中的重要作用。

Successful spontaneous control of emotional expression is an important symbol of children＇s development of social-emotional competence. The level of behavior, motivation and belief of spontaneous control of emotional expression in preschool children increased significantly with age. Children of 4 to 5 years old is at a critical period for behavior and belief while children of 3 to 4 years old is at the critical period for motivation. Children＇s theory of mind is also improved with age, especially at the age of 4 to 5 years old. Theory of mind has control effect on the occurrence and development of spontaneous control of emotional expression, and there is a stage characteristics. Thus educators should pay more attention to the critical period of children＇s early development of emotion expression, to help children build empathy and express their emotion in a pro-social way. Parents should respect children＇s way of learning and play a positive role in emotion education.