叶圣陶“教是为了不教”的理论意蕴与现实意义

Theoretical Implication and Practical Significance of Ye Shengtao's "Teaching for Not-teaching"

"教是为了不教"是我国著名教育家叶圣陶倡导的、具有丰富科学内涵的现代教育理念。"教是为了不教"根本在于使受教育的每个人都具有自我教育精神和能力,其对于传统教育目的和价值的变革主要体现于两点,一是教育的目的在于学生成长成人,二是激发学生鲜活生命和创新潜能。其引导学生自学的教育教学原则和模式包括:认定目标、致力于导,激发动力、发展主体,教材为例、举一反三,愤悱启发、相机诱导,指点学法、逐渐放手,实践历练、养成习惯,因材施教、灵活创造,正确评价、促进自学;基本策略包括尝试自学、质疑讨论、练习应用、考查改进。教师是实现"教是为了不教"的关键,需具有思想精神的自觉,成为自我教育的先行,勇于善教善导实践。

＂Teaching for not-teaching＂ is the modern educational philosophy advocated by the famous educator in China, Ye Shengtao. It aims to make everyone in the education with self-educating ability. The reform of the purpose and value of the traditional education are mainly reflected in two ways. Firstly, the purpose of education is to help students grow up into adults. Secondly, education should stimulate studentsj livable lives and creative potentials. The principles and modes of education and teaching to guide students＂ self-education include identifying goals and being committed to guidance, motivating power and developing subjects, setting teaching materials as example, seizing opportunity to inspire and guide, instructing methods and letting go of assistance, practicing and developing habits, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and creativity, and evaluating properly and promoting self-study. The basic strategies include trying self-study, questioning discussion, practicing application, and checking improvement. Teachers are the key to the realization of ＂teaching for not-teaching＂. They should have the consciousness of ideological spirit, become the pioneer of self-education, and be brave to teach, guide and practice.