马岛战争和二战中海战伤发生特点及其对我军海战伤救治的启示

Characteristics of naval casualties in Malvinas War and World War Ⅱ and its enlightenment for naval combat casualty care of our navy

2015年《中国的军事战略》白皮书指出^([1]):"随着世界经济和战略重心加速向亚太地区转移以及美国持续推进亚太再平衡战略等因素的影响,我们维护国家领土主权、海洋权益压力增大……"。由此可预见:为了维护国家利益,我们需要做好海战和海战伤救治的战略准备。分析既往战争中海战伤发生特点,对我们做好海战伤救治的准备具有重要的启发意义。

Casualties in naval battles, such as Malvinas War and World War II , demonstrate differ- ent characteristics from those that occur in land battles, and are characterized by higher rate of mass casual- ties, higher incidences of bums and inhalation injuries, and higher prevalence rates of frozen injuries, drow- ning, seawater immersion injuries and combat stress reaction. Enlightenments of these features for our naval combat casualties care include： ①Simple and fixed procedures should be established for mass casualties.②For burns and inhalation injuries, treatment measures should be set up, and related facilities should be e- quipped in warships and hospital ships. ③Targeted strategies should be developed for frozen injuries, drow- ning, seawater immersion injuries and combat stress reaction. However, because of the improved killing effect of modern weapons and the changes of our national security strategy, the characteristics of casualties in our possible naval combats in the future differ from the above-mentioned features. So, in consideration of our na- tional security strategy, features of various ships in modern naval combat, killing characteristics of different weapons and possible combat areas, we need to establish a reliable prediction model for casualties in modern offshore and far-offshore naval battles, and develop navel combat care skills and medical support strategies.