从空间到地方:国外地理老年学的发展脉络与主题分析

FROM SPACE TO PLACE: PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHICAL GERONTOLOGY OF WESTERN COUNTRIES

20世纪70年代随着人口老龄化态势的日益凸显,加之"空间转向"思潮被众多社会学科所采纳,学者尝试基于地理学的学科视角探究老龄化问题,并逐步形成了地理老年学这一交叉性学科。90年代后,"新人本主义地理学"逐渐兴起,地理老年学的研究开始由关注"冰冷"的空间转向赋有社会文化意义的地方。研究内容从初期宏观"空间"层面上关注老年群体的空间特征与效应、日常行为与迁移以及健康与居住环境等议题,延展到中微观"地方"层面上关注(个体)老人的地方经历、身体实践、以及情感体验等,强调老年群体的"非均质性"与"主体性";而在老龄化认知上,呈现"去问题化"的趋势,"积极老龄化"和"健康老龄化"等正向概念被提出。地理老年学正试图与健康、关怀地理等建立起更多的学术联系。论文按照"地理老年学概念的形成与提出—从空间到地方的研究脉络—研究议题分析—借鉴与启示"的逻辑进行了梳理与分析,以期丰富国内人文地理学对老龄化的研究视野。

As the aging problem accumulating, social gerontology, an integrated discipline which studies aging, has attracted the attention of scholars from various disciplines since 1970s. Scholars make effort to study gerontology through geographical perspective, which gradually formed an inter-discipline, gerontological geography. The rise of New Humanistic Geography in 1990s extended the research content of gerontological geography from focusing on the ＂space＂ at the macro level, like spatial characteristic and effects of aged population, daily behavior and migration, care and living condition,ect, to the ＂place＂ at the micro level, like special negotiation of the aged （individual）, physical practice, emotional experience. In terms of the cognition of aging, it presents a trend of ＂De Problem＂. With the development of consumerism and humanism, scholars have put forward the positive concept of ＂active aging＂ and ＂successful aging＂ to clarify the contri- bution that the aged group made for the society. In terms of its development trend, the gerontological geography tries to explore the linkage between geography and other subjects such as health and care. An introduction and analyze of foreign gerontological geography is presented in this paper in dimensions of space＂ and place＂. In the discussion and conclusion part, we analyze the differences between domestic and foreign research and its enlightenment.