新中国金融业变迁及其特征:基于金融职能变化的视角

A historical study of Chinese financial changes in financial functions

新中国近70年的金融变迁复杂而曲折,大致经历了两个明显的阶段。改革开放前的30年,中国在革命战争时期金融业发展的基础上通过对新老解放区金融的整合,构建起新中国的金融体系,之后适应社会经济体制的需要迅速确立以"管资金"为职能的相对单一的金融体制。改革开放后近40年,中国金融渐趋实现了由"管资金"向"调市场"转变,形成了以中国人民银行为中心,功能齐全、形式多样、分工协作、互为补充的多层次金融体系。利用金融职能的转换大大促进了中国经济30多年的高速增长,而在当前经济结构调整等方面,互联网金融引领的"互联网+"模式无疑引发了中国经济发展的"鲇鱼效应",金融领域创新迭出,第三方支付、网络借贷等众多方面开始领先于国际水平;而普惠金融体系的确立,又使金融职能越来越回归到服务实体经济的本质。

The writer of this paper divides the 70 years of modern Chinese financial development into two phases with the debut of opening and reforms as demarcation.The first 30 years sees the formation and integration of the simple mode of money-caring finance on basis of that during the liberation wars,while the post-reform 40 years undergoes market-coordinated multilateral transformation of finance with Chinese people＇s bank as the center.A rather complete financial system is thus formed,and it functions as agenerator to boost the Internet plus model of economic development and financial innovation.