基于服务水平的区域公交协调调度优化研究

Research on Regional Public Transit Coordinated Scheduling Optimization Based on Service Level

服务水平是公交服务最重要的属性,区域公交的协调调度可以提升区域公交服务水平、降低营运成本。文章综合考虑乘客及公交运营管理者两个方面,以区域乘客候车及换乘等待时间最小为目标,构建区域公交协调调度的双层规划模型;下层规划模型依据满载率优化运营成本,上层规划模型依据公交服务水平优化公交线路的发车时刻;设计了该模型的遗传算法,并以兰州市安宁区部分公交线路为例进行实证研究,通过算例分析表明,采用协调调度的方法可以使区域公交的服务水平得到提升,特别是在乘客换乘等待时间、候车等待时间及拥挤程度等方面效果明显,说明区域公交协调调度模型及算法的有效性。

The service level is the most important attribute of public transit service. Regional public transit coordinated scheduling could improve the quality of service in regional public transit and reduce the operating costs. A bi--level pro- gramming model of regional public transit coordinated scheduling is established to minimize the passenger waiting time and the transfer waiting time considering two aspects of passenger and transit operator. The lower model optimizes the operation cost complying strictly with full--load ratio, the upper model is formulated to optimize the departure time of the buses according to service level of public transit. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm is put forward to solve the bi--lev- el programming model. At last, regional public transit lines in Anning district of Lanzhou city are chosen for optimization the public transit coordinated scheduling. The numerical example illustrates that coordinated scheduling optimization could improve regional public transit service, especially in the transfer waiting time, the passenger waiting time and crowdedness. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the optimization model and algorithm.