日本中小学校园欺凌法制研究及对我国的启示

Research on School Bullying Law of Japan and Their Implications

日本为有效防治校园欺凌,通过法律对校园欺凌进行概念界定,并建立健全校园欺凌治理的法律体系。日本在对校园欺凌行为的规定、明确相关主体责任、惩罚施暴者和救济受害者三个方面的规范有效防治了校园欺凌。反思我国校园欺凌的普遍性、隐蔽性、交互性及网络性等特点,得出如下启示:明确校园欺凌定义;形成校园欺凌治理的完备法律体系;建立多元主体共同治理模式;重视并落实校园欺凌的预防工作;做好校园欺凌的惩罚与救济工作。

By correct value guidance and clarification, the ecological moral education makes the educated possess correct under- standing of the moral relationship between man and nature. The direct way to implement the ecological moral education is moral educa- tion class. Using the tool value and intrinsic value as the standard, we analyzed the man and nature part in two textbooks, Moral and Life, Moral and Society. The findings are： the value of the contents is weak anthropocentrism. In human-centered perspective, the rela- tionship between man and nature is an attachment like ＂it and I＂, but the relationship should be defined as moral relationship like ＂you and I＂. Therefore, the value needs to be changed from anthropocentrism to non-anthropocentrism. From the perspective of non- anthropocentrism, man and nature are endowed with purpose and independence respectively, which is a moral relationship between ＂you and I＂. As the theoretical foundation of non-anthropocentrism, the traditional ＂harmony between man and nature＂ has implanted inner growth power to it.