甲型流感病毒M2蛋白研究进展

Research progress of influenza A virus M2 protein

M2蛋白是流感病毒包膜上的具有离子通道活性的膜蛋白,在流感病毒的整个生活周期中具有重要作用。M2蛋白N端高度保守,是研究通用疫苗的重要靶点,其跨膜区在病毒核糖核蛋白(RNP)复合体入核过程中起重要作用,同时又是药物作用的靶点,但耐药性突变体的出现使得新药的研究变得更加紧迫,M2蛋白还参与病毒的出芽过程,对病毒颗粒的形成非常重要,M2蛋白还能通过复杂的机制操纵细胞自噬和凋亡,从而控制病毒的复制。本文就M2蛋白在疫苗研究、质子传导、药物研究、装配与出芽、自噬与凋亡等几个方面的最新研究进展作一综述。

M2 protein is a kind of membrane protein with ion channel activity in the envelop of influenza virus, which plays an important role in the life cycle of influenza virus. The N-terminal of the M2 protein is highly conserved, which is an important target for researching the universal vaccine. The transmembrane domain of M2 protein plays an important role in the progress of virus ribonucleoprotein complex entering into the nucleus, it is also the target for drug binding, but the appearance of drug-resistant mutants make the research of new drugs much more urgent. M2 protein also participates in the progress of virus budding, which is of great importance for the formation of virions. M2 protein can control the autophagy and apoptosis for the purpose of controlling the replication of virus through sophisticated mechanisms. This paper makes a review of M2 protein in the following aspects： vaccine research, proton conduction, drug research, assembly and budding, autophagy and apoptosis.