北宋杀降现象研究

A STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON OF KILLING SURRENDERS IN THE NORTHERN SONG DYNASTY

为避免重蹈五代覆辙,达到宣扬皇帝仁德、维护政局稳定的目的,同时受"杀降不祥"观念的影响,北宋在北宋初年便已制定律条,禁止杀降。北宋帝王多次颁布禁止杀降的诏令,并对杀降的将士予以惩处。但在"计首受赏"利益诱惑面前,以及受到客观政治军事原因的影响,北宋一朝仍不时有杀降事件发生。在处理杀降问题上,虽然有明文规定,但也出现了因人废法现象。不依法办事,在特定时期实现了宋代帝王笼络臣下的目的,也将降人叛乱消灭于未萌。但帝王诏令或军法不能够严格执行,给军队建设、政局稳定也带来了危害。

The Northern Song Dynasty gained nationhood,and in order to avoid repeating the mistakes made in Five Dynasties,publicize the emperor＇s virtue and maintain political stability,the legal articles of prohibiting the killing of surrenders were formulated in early Northern Song Dynasty affected by the idea that ＂ to kill those who surrender would bring oneself bad luck＂.The emperor then issued assizes several times banning the killing of surrenders and punished those who violated the code.But such incidents occurred from time to time during the Northern Song Dynasty tempted by the military reward benefiting from ＂ reward is to be given according to the number of the slain heads＂ and influenced by the objective political and military reasons.In spite of the clearly stated regulations,there existed the phenomenon of violating the law.The emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty won over his subjects during a specific period and also destroyed the budding rebellion of surrenders.But if the emperor＇s assizes or military law failed to be strictly enforced,it would do harm to army construction and political stability.