社会工作吸纳基层政治组织的优势及其策略——兼论社会工作的生活范式转向

The Social Work Absorbs the Advantages from Grassroots Political Organizations and Its Strategies——Toward Life Paradigm of Social Work

在关于社会工作发展的论述中,基层政治组织是一个不可回避的主体。长期以来,学者们普遍采用"国家—社会"规范性视角来思考"政社关系"问题,一方面促进了社会工作发展制度环境逐渐清晰。但另一方面,上述视角并不能较好地展现社会工作具体运作的日常实践逻辑。本文尝试运用"生活视角"分析了三个社会工作与基层政治组织"打交道"的具体案例,发现我国基层组织具有社会工作可借鉴的多重政治优势:信任、号召力和权威,社会工作者可以在日常服务实践中加以吸纳和运用。基于此,本文提出从"国家-社会视角"向"生活视角"范式转向,后者因应了社会工作沉浸于日常生活并发挥服务型治理作用的诉求,有利于社会工作不断总结日常实践智慧、探索社会工作与基层政治组织互动逻辑。实践证明,"生活视角"对我国社会工作研究和实务具有重要意义,在此基础上,"政社关系"的学理研究将会呈现更多可能性。

In the discussion of the development of social work, the grass-roots political organization is an unavoidable subject. For a long time, scholars generally use the normative perspective, 'state-society' perspective,to think about the problem of relationship between government and social organization,thus promoting the development of social work system gradually clear.But on the other hand, the above perspective does not show the daily practice logic of social work's operation. This paper use the 'life perspective ' to analyze the'dealing events'between social work organization/workers and grassroots political organization,finding that Chinese grass-roots political organizations have such advantages could be referred by social workers/organization :trust, power and authority. Based on these, this paper puts forward an proposal that the perspective of social work's research should shift form'state-society'to'life'.Because the'life perspective'roots deeply in the social work's role of service governance and help social workers sum up daily practice wisdom,thus helping to explore the interactive logic of social work and grassroots political organization. Facts has proved that the ' life perspective ' is of great significance to the researchers and social workers in China, based on this, the 'the relationship between social and political ' studies will present more possibilities.