民国初期“学术本位”现代大学观——基于《大学令》的法律表达

The "Academic-oriented" Idea of Modern University during the Early Period of the Republic of China:Based on the Legal Expression of Decree on University

学术是大学的立校之本。我国"学术本位"现代大学观在制度上予以确立始于民国初期大学教育改革运动的代表成果《大学令》。资产阶级民主共和政体的创建、文化知识界学术观的转变以及西方大学理念和制度在中国的引入共同为以"学术本位"为核心的现代大学观的形成提供了现实条件。从清末《奏定大学堂章程》到民初《大学令》,标志着中国大学制度从近代到现代的转变,蕴含其中的是中国大学观的重塑。本文通过从《奏定大学堂章程》到《大学令》在教育宗旨、科目标准、学位制度和治理结构四个方面法律制度的比较,来揭示《大学令》呈现出以"学术本位"为核心思想的现代大学观。

Academic research is regarded as the foundation of university. The ＂academic-oriented＂ idea of modern university was established in Chinese university system for the first time by the Decree on University, which was a notable achievement in the reform of higher education during the early period of the Republic of China. The creation of bourgeois democratic republic, the transformation of academic view in cultural circles and the introduction of western university concepts and institutions all combine to provide realistic conditions for the formation of the idea of modern university in China. The development from Statutes of Imperial University of Peking to Decree on University marked the transition of Chinese university system from traditional to modern as well as the reconstitution of university idea in China. Through comparison between the two legal documents from the perspectives of educational purpose, subject standard, degree system and governance structure, the article reveals the ＂academic-oriented＂ idea as the core of the idea of modern university