鱼腥草种植对吉富罗非鱼养殖池塘污染物的影响

Floating Bed Cultivation of Houttuynia cordata Affecting Contaminants of GIFT Tilapia Aquaculture Pond

为研究浮床栽培鱼腥草(0、5%种植面积)对吉富罗非鱼养殖池塘污染物的(水质和底泥)影响,测定了TOC、COD、Chl、TN、NH_4^+-N、NO2--N、NO_3^--N、TP、PO_4^(3-)-P等水质指标和底泥中TOC、TN、TP指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,5月份鱼腥草塘浮床区和敞水区TOC、TN、NH_4^+-N显著下降,敞水区Chl显著下降;6月份浮床区和敞水区COD、Chl、TP、PO_4^(3-)-P显著下降,浮床区NO_3^--N显著下降;7月份浮床区和敞水区COD、Chl、TN、TP显著下降,且浮床区TOC显著下降;8月份浮床区和敞水区TN、TP显著下降,浮床区TOC、COD,敞水区Chl显著下降;9月份浮床区和敞水区TOC显著下降,且浮床区Chl,敞水区COD、TN、NH_4^+-N、NO_3^--N显著下降;10月份浮床区和敞水区COD、Chl、TP显著下降,浮床区NH_4^+-N和敞水区TN显著下降。鱼腥草种植塘6月份TOC、TN、TP显著降低,7、9月份TN显著降低。鱼腥草能显著降低吉富罗非鱼养殖池塘水体中COD、TN、TP指标和底泥中TOC、TN、TP指标,且能显著提高其总产量、成活率,降低其饵料系数和相应的生物学指标。

To study the purification effect of Houttuynia cordata cultivated on floating bed （0, 5% planting area） on water quality of intensive aquaculture ponds of GIFT tilapia, contents of the main water quality indexes including organic carbo （TOC）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）. chlorophyll （Chl）, total nitrogen （TN）, ammonium nitrogen （NH4＋-N）, nitrite nitrogen （NO2--N）, nitrate nitrogen （NO3--N）, total phosphorus （TP） and PO43--P were measured. In addition, contents of TOC, TN and TP in sediment were also measured. The results showed that contents of TOC, TN, NH4＋-N both in the open water and floating bed area decreased significantly after floating bed cultivation of H. cordata, content of Chl decreased significantly in the open water in May. Contents of COD, Chl, TP and pO43--P significantly decreased in floating bed area and open water, and content of NO3--N significantly decreased in the floating bed area in June. In July, contents of COD, Chl, TN, TP decreased significantly both in the floating bed area and open water, and content of TOC decreased significantly in the floating bed area. In August, contents of TN, TP decreased significantly both in the floating bed area and open water, contents of TOC and COD in the floating bed area, content of Chl in the open water decreased significantly. In September, content of TOC decreased significantly in the floating bed area and open water, content of Chl in the floating bed area, and contents of COD, TN, NH4＊-N and NO3--N in the open water decreased significantly. In October, contents of COD, Chl, TP decreased significantly both in the floating bed area and open water, content of NH4＊-N in the floating bed area and content of TN in the open water decreased significantly. In June, contents of TOC, TN, TP in the sediment with floating bed decreased significantly; in July and September, content of TN decreased significantly. In conclusion, contents of COD, TN and TP in the water and contents of TOC, TN and TP in sediment significantly reduced in the tilapia ponds after floating bed cultivation of H. cordata. The total yield and survival rate of GIFT tilapia significantly increased, and the feed coefficient rate and biological indexes reduced.