商业秘密刑事保护的理论证成和路径选择——以商业秘密最新相关立法为视角

Theoretical Proof and Path Choice of Criminal Protection of Trade Secrets——From the Perspective of the Latest Legislations on Trade Secrets

2017年3月15日颁布的《民法总则》将"商业秘密"纳入知识产权客体予以保护;2017年11月4日通过《反不正当竞争法》对商业秘密的概念和举证责任也有所完善。这对商业秘密在刑法中应当如何保护都产生了影响,主要体现在:商业秘密的确权影响力辐射到刑法,更好地完成了刑民衔接,也再次明确了知识产权的私权特征,进而限制公权力的介入。而侵犯商业秘密罪的入刑门槛低,司法实践中犯罪率不高,侵权案件却不断的现象说明了刑法规制本身并非万能,对商业秘密的刑事保护需要有新的路径选择,实体法上要明晰罪过形式、重大损失的客观属性,诉讼法上提倡"三审合一"、"以审判为中心"。

Abstract： The ＂General Rules of Civil Law＂ promulgated on March 15, 2017 incorporated the ＂trade secrets＂ into the object of intellectual property rights, and the Law against Unfair Competition passed on November 4, 2017 also improved the concept and burden of proof of trade secrets, which have an impact on how to protect trade secrets in the criminal law. That trade secrets deemed as the right of intellectual property has an influence reaching to the criminal law, which has a better connection with civil law. It also emphasizes that the intellectual property right is a private right, which leads to the limitation of the public power. Although the threshold of constituting the crime of infringement of trade secrets is low, in practice the crime rate is not high and the infringement continues, which shows that criminal law itself is not a universal tool. The criminal protection of trade secrets should choose a new path. In the substantive law, we should make clear form ofmens rea and the objective attribute of the great loss. In the procedural law, we should advocate the ＂three in one＂ and ＂take the trial as the center＂.