论法律行为对处分的限制——历史阐释与适用范围的教义学反思

On the Limit of Disposition through legal Action:the Perspective of History and the Restructure of the Application Scope

处分自由是民法中的重要原则,但是,当事人可能会以法律行为的方式限制权利人的处分。根据受限权利的类型,可将法律行为对处分限制分为让与禁止与禁止特约。此种区分的历史依据是债物二分,但债物二分本身并不绝对,债权的财产权属性日益受到重视,禁止特约的物权效力是对债权流通的破坏,理应受到限制。让与禁止的适用范围并不限于物权,禁止特约的适用范围仅限于债权。如当事人限制债权处分的约定造成了处分行为的不安定,同样应当适用让与禁止。对此,根据其规范目的,对当事人的约定予以类型化以赋予不同的效力。

Freedom of disposition is an important principle in the civil law,but the parties may limit the disposition of the right through legal act.According to the type of restricted rights,it can be divided into the sales prohibition and the restriction of the contractual term.This distinction is based on the division of the obligation and the real right.But the distinction itself is not absolute,the prohibition of special real right is the destruction of the flow of debt,and should be limited.The application of the sales prohibition and the restriction of the contractual term is not limited to the relationship between general law and special law.The application scope of the prohibition is not limited to the real right,and the application scope of the prohibition is limited to the creditor' s rights.If the parties to limit the agreement if the penalty disposition caused the behavior of the instability,then the same should be applied to the sales prohibition.In this regard,in accordance with its regulatory purposes,the parties to the contract to be given to different types of effectiveness.