《合同法》第49条(表见代理规则)评注

Commentary to Article 49 of Contract Law

《合同法》第49条是表见代理制度的完全法条。我国实证法中,他人实施的法律行为虽无相应授权亦可归属于名义之人的规范并非仅第49条,在法律适用上,此类规范和第49条的关系应解释为:职务行为的规范为仅具参引意义的不完全规范;表见代表和表见代理制度在构造上并无二致,可被后者取代。在构成要件上,从"相对人有理由相信"中可导出可归责性要件。在法律效果上,第49条乃效果归属规范,并非法律行为效力判断规范,此外,相对人并无第48条第1款之撤回权。

Article 49 of the Contract Law is the full norm of the agency by estoppel.In Chinese empirical law system,other than the article 49,there are many articles about the legal effect of someone' s conduct attributable to the name of the person who has not authorized the corresponding authority to the one.In the application of the law,the relationship between such norms and article 49 can be interpreted as the following:the norms of job conduct are just the non-full norm only with reference function;the representative norm is not different from the agency by estoppel in the structure,so the former can be replaced by the latter.In the constituent elements,attributable elements can be derived from the the fact "relative person has reason to believe".In the legal effect,Article 49 is not the determinative norms of effectiveness of legal action,but the attributable one.In addition,the relative person has no right of withdrawal under Article 48(1).