被误解的沃尔泽:行走在社群主义与自由主义之间

A misread Michael Walzer:a communitarianist and a liberalist

人们通常将沃尔泽认定为一位"社群主义者",这一认定并不能完整地呈现真实的沃尔泽。有必要将沃尔泽放在思想谱系中全面地进行考察,即一方面看沃尔泽是否将"社群本体论"作为出发点,进而判断沃尔泽是否是"社群主义者",另一方面将沃尔泽多元主义分配正义理论及其"复合平等"主张与自由主义的左派代表罗尔斯、自由主义的右派代表诺奇克的分配正义论及其平等主张进行比较,来判断沃尔泽是否在"社群主义"之外还有其他的身份特征。研究发现,沃尔泽确实将"社群本体论"作为出发点,因而可以认定沃尔泽是一位社群主义者;而在平等主张及其实际效果上,沃尔泽和罗尔斯是貌合神离的、和诺齐克是殊途同归的,因而可以判定沃尔泽具有"自由主义"的特征。

Michael Walzer is a prominent American political theorist and moral philosopher.He is widely perceived as a communitarianist,but it is absolutely not his sole and only identity.We first examine his identity of communitarist from the theoretical perspective of community ontology and then make a comparison between Walzer,Rawls and Nozick to look for his other identities.We have the following findings.Walzer is a communitianist in that his theoretical base is indeed social ontology.Walzer agrees with Nozick and disagrees with Rawls on equality and its practical effect.Therefore,Walzer is generally a liberal communitarianist,or a communitarianism liberalist.