中国玉米主产区栽培品种种子质量分析

Maize Seed Quality of Main Producing Region in China

以黄淮海、华北、西南三区46个玉米栽培品种种子为材料,通过物理化学指标测定、标准发芽及幼苗生长测定、逆境发芽测定、田间出苗率测定、指标间相关性分析、淀粉酶活力测定等对种子质量进行分析评鉴。结果表明,46个品种中马齿型和半马齿型的比例占80.4%。综合各项种子活力指标,排名前4位的高活力品种为先玉047、郑单958、大华玉2号和浚单26。玉米种子容重和总淀粉含量与平均田间出苗率分别呈极显著和显著正相关;发芽势、发芽率及逆境发芽各指标与平均田间出苗率均呈极显著正相关,其中抗冷测定发芽率的相关系数最高(r=0.881)。玉米种子容重和总淀粉含量是高活力玉米种子具备的典型性状,抗冷测定为玉米种子活力检测的最适方法;高活力玉米品种种子萌发中同一时期淀粉酶活力明显高于低活力玉米品种种子。

The seed quality of forty-six maize varieties mainly cultivated in Huanghuaihai-Huabei-Xinan area in China were analyzed and evaluated by physical and chemical indexes test, standard germination test, seedling growth test, adversity germination test, field emergence rate test, the correlation between those indicators, and amy- lase activity test etc. The results showed that the proportion of the seeds with dent and semi-dent was 80.4%, com- prehensive analysis of the seed vigor indexes, among forty-six cultivars, the top four high vigor varieties were Xianyu047, Zhengdan958, Dahua-yu No.2 and Jundan26; bulk density and total starch were significantly and ex- tremely significant correlation with mean field emergence rate, respectively; germination energy, germination per- centage, and other indicators of adversity germination test were extremely significantly correlated with the mean field emergence rate, and the correlation coefficient of the cold test germination rate was the highest. These results sug- gested that bulk density and total starch were the typical traits of high vigour maize seed, the amylase activity of high vigour seeds was higher than that of low vigour seeds, and cold test was the best method for maize seed vigour test.