秸秆还田方式对土壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响

Effects of Tillage and Straw Management on Brown Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Maize Yield

在辽河平原中西部设两年定点试验,研究秸秆还田方式对土壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,条带旋耕后10~20 cm土层土壤紧实度显著下降,0~40 cm(2016)土壤容重减小、总孔隙度增加;条带旋耕明显增加了丰水年(2016)玉米产量。秸秆还田显著增加10~20 cm土层土壤速效养分含量、提高土壤有机质含量,降低0~30 cm土层土壤容重、增加其总孔隙度。秸秆还田改善土壤理化性质,显著提高玉米产量,干旱年(2015)条带旋耕增产效果最突出。秸秆条带旋耕还田提高土壤通透性、改善土壤结构、增强土壤抗旱能力、提高作物产量,是适宜推广的秸秆还田和耕作组合方式。

Two-year field experiment was conducted in brown soil at the experimental station of spring maize in the mid-west of Liaohe plain. The effects of different straw returning matters on maize yields, soil physical and chemical properties were investigated. The results showed that T2S1 treatment could significantly decreased soil compaction in 10-20 em soil layer, decreased the soil bulk density（2016） in 0-40 cm layers and increased the total soil porosity（2016） in 0-40 cm layers. The T2S1 treatment could significantly increase maize yields in rainy year （2016）. Straw returning（T1S1, T2S1） could significantly increase available nutrient in 10-20 cm soil layer, in- creased soil organic matter, decreased soil bulk density in 0-30 cm soil layers, increased total soil porosity. Straw re- turning（T1S1, T2S1） could also significantly increase spring maize yields and the phenomenon of T2S1 treatment on improving spring maize yields in drought year（2015） was the most prominent. This meant that, T2S1 treatment could improve soil permeability and structure, optimize soil environment. It was helpful for resisting the risk of crop pro- duction due to drought so as to improve soil drought resistance and increased spring maize yields. Therefore, the T2S1 treatment was effective straw returning matters in the region.