地面覆盖对豫北旱塬苹果园土壤性状及树体生长的影响

Effect of Orchard Mulching on Soil Quality,Growth and Development of Apple Trees in North Henan Province

为探明地面覆盖对豫北旱塬苹果园土壤及树体的影响,使地面覆盖技术得到更好的推广应用,以上白下黑双色复合膜(复合膜)、棉毛毡、黑色塑膜(黑膜)3种材料对豫北旱塬苹果园进行了地面覆盖试验,以清耕作为对照。结果表明:3种覆盖材料在5—7月份缺水季节能有效地保持浅层土壤(0~20 cm)水分,和对照差异显著;3种覆盖材料在6月份高温季节对浅层土壤(0~30 cm)温度影响明显,其中棉毛毡覆盖显著降低了浅层土壤温度,最大降幅为6.5℃,并且和其他3个处理差异极显著;和对照相比,复合膜和黑膜在15 cm和30 cm深度处都显著提高了土壤温度,最大升幅为1.9℃,但其两者之间差异不显著;棉毛毡覆盖表层20 cm土壤的总根面积最大、吸收根数量最多,复合膜次之,黑膜和对照最低。覆盖处理对叶面积、产量、果实品质等也产生了一定的影响。

To investigate the effect of mulching on apple orchard soil and tree in north Henan Province, and promote the application of orchard mulching in this area, three kinds of films were used in this study, whichwere white-black two-tone composite film（CF）, cotton blankets（CB） and black film（BF）, no mulching wasused as CK. The results showed that all the treatments could hold moisture in the shallow soil layer（0-20 cm）effectively and had a significant difference compared with CK during dry seasons from May to June, all thetreatments obviously influenced the temperature of shallow soil layer（0-30 cm） during the high temperatureseason（June）. CB treatment significantly decreased the shallow soil temperature with the highest decreasingamplitude of 6.5℃, which had significant differences compared with others; CF and BF could improve the soiltemperature in depths of 15 cm and 30 cm significantly, and the highest increasing amplitude was 1.9℃, but itwas not obvious; CB treatment had the biggest total root surface and number of absorbing roots in the shallowsoil layer（0-20 cm）, then was CF treatment, BF and CK. Mulching treatment also had influence on leaf area,fruit yield and fruit quality.