5种精油的化学成分及对番茄早疫病的抑菌活性研究

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activities of Five Kinds of Essential Oil Against Alternaria solani

为研究植物精油开发生物农药的潜力,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取肉桂、迷迭香、薰衣草、肉豆蔻、柠檬天竺葵等5种不同植物的精油,并用气相色谱—质谱联用的方法分析精油组分。以番茄早疫病菌为供试菌种,研究不同植物精油对其抑制作用。通过分析得到肉桂精油主要成分为反式肉桂醛(52.50%),迷迭香精油中1,8-桉叶素(20.69%)含量较多,薰衣草花精油主成分为丁酸沉香酯(33.92%)和芳樟醇(29.29%);肉豆蔻精油主成分为GAMMA-萜品烯(13.00%)、(-)-4-萜品醇(12.84%)、2-蒈烯(10.37%);柠檬天竺葵精油主成分皆为β-香茅醇(32.21%)。肉桂精油对于番茄早疫病菌丝生长的抑制作用最佳,其EC50为286.62 mg/L,肉豆蔻精油的抑制效果最弱。该研究为筛选抑菌的植物精油及开发肉桂精油在生物农药的应用提供了科学的依据。

The aim is to study the potential of plant essential oils for developing biological pesticides. Five kinds of essential oil from Cinnamomum aromaticum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula pedunculata, Myristica fragrans, Pelargonium graveolens were extracted by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of essential oilwas analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. Alternaria solani was used as the testedmaterial, the inhibiting effect of different plant essential oils on Alternaria solani was studied. The resultsshowed that the main component of C.aromaticum essential oil was trans-Cinnamaldehyde（52.50%）, 1,8-cineole（20.69%） was the main component in R. officinalis essential oil, linalyl acetate（33.92%） and linalool（29.29%） were the main components in L. pedunculata essential oil, GAMMA-terpinene（13.00%）,（-）-4-terpineol（12.84%） and 2-carene（10.37%） were the main components in M. fragrans essential oil, and β-Citronellol（32.21%） was the main component in P. graveolens oil. C. aromaticum essential oil had thestrongest inhibitory effect on the hypha growth of Alternaria solani with EC50 of 286.62 mg/L, while theinhibitory effect of M. fragrans essential oil was the weakest. This study provided a scientific basis forscreening out plant essential oil with high antifungal activity and developing C. aromaticum essential oil in theapplication of biological pesticides.