山东不同天气系统下暴雨雨滴谱特征分析

Analysis on characteristics of raindrop size distribution of rainstorm under different weather system in Shandong Province

根据2013—2016年获取的山东暴雨过程雨滴谱资料,分析了3类不同天气系统影响形成的暴雨降水微结构特征。结果表明:气旋暴雨中雨滴数浓度、降水强度、含水量和最大直径值明显低于低槽冷锋和切变线暴雨,低槽冷锋暴雨中各值要高于切变线暴雨;各类暴雨降水中,直径大于1 mm的雨滴数量是决定降水量的主要因素;3类暴雨雨滴谱都很宽,均有7~8 mm的特大滴出现,大雨滴的存在体现了暴雨降水的特征;随着降水强度的增大,雨滴谱谱宽变大且各档雨滴数浓度增加,谱型的变化对降水的发展演变有一定的指示作用。

Based on the raindrop data of rainstorm occurred in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2016, raindrop size distribution characteristics of three kinds of rainstorms affected by different weather systems are analyzed. The results indicate that the rain number concentration, rainfall intensity, water content and the maximum diameter of cyclone rainstorm are significantly lower than the rainstorm of the low trough cold front and shear line, and each value of the low trough cold front rainstorm is higher than the shear line rainstorm. The rainfall intensity in each kind of rainstorm is mainly decided by the number concentrations of the diameter which is larger than 1 mm. The raindrop size distributions are very wide that appeared the large drops of 7~8 mm, and the existence of the big raindrops reflect the characteristics of the storm. With the increase of rainfall intensity, the raindrop spectral width is larger and the raindrop number concentration is increased. The changes of spectral type have the certain instruction function for the evolution of the precipitation.