美国对冲绳军用土地政策的缘起(1945-1952年)

The U.S. Policy toward Military Land in Okinawa(1945-1952)

二战结束至对日和约正式生效期间,冲绳处于美国的军事占领之下。美国通过恢复和重建冲绳的土地所有权制度、征用并划定规模广大的军事区域等措施,奠定了在冲绳军事基地的雏形。杜鲁门政府的对冲绳政策基本定型之后,在陆军部的主导下制订了"军事优先"的地方统治方略,通过远东司令部指令成立民政府,指示其用征购方式获取土地以配合军事基地建设。尽管并未完全贯彻落实,但"1950年远东司令部指令"在理念上明确了军用土地政策为军事基地建设服务的原则,标志着冲绳军用土地政策的正式形成。《旧金山和约》生效之前,美军始终以无偿方式占领并使用军用土地。上述政策成为此后军民围绕军用土地产生矛盾冲突的原点。

During the Pre-Treaty Period after the Second World War,Okinawa was under the military occupation of the U. S. The land policy of the Military Government mainly contained the restoration of land title records,the re-establishment of land registry system,the procurement of land for military-use and the imposition of control or restrictions on military areas. After the approval of NSC 13/3,the Okinawa Construction Program proposed by Department of the Army has been well-conducted.Meanwhile,the 1950 Far East Command( FEC) Directive instructed the establishment of the UnitedStates Civil Administration of Ryukyu Islands( USCAR) and commanded that it should secure title to the real estate or facilities required by the U. S. Government through purchase or condemnation. This marks the formation of the U. S. policy toward military land in Okinawa. Until the enforcement of the Peace Treaty,the Armed Force of the U. S. occupied and used a large number of lands without paying any rents or compensations.