近代日本扩张主义意识形态的两种类型——以大川周明的思想理论为中心

Two Varieties of Expansionism in Modern Japan: Focusing on the Thought of Shumei Okawa

近代日本的扩张主义意识形态包含两种类型,一种是着眼于"国家层级"的"鼓吹国家本位的扩张主义",另一种是将"亚洲主义"作为具体表现,着眼于"地区层级"的"谎称地区本位的扩张主义"。这两种扩张主义在与欧美对抗和鼓吹本民族优越性的问题上,原本就存在着天然的联结关系。通过考察右翼理论家大川周明的思想可以发现,他"鼓吹国家本位的扩张主义"与法西斯主义密切相关,并在优越论的依据、对社会的现实认识上带有特殊的性质,而其"谎称地区本位的扩张主义"则展现出了"东西对抗论"、"战争宿命论"、"日本盟主论"及反美的特点。两者彼此交错、难以分离,一道充当了近代日本对外侵略扩张的理论工具。

It could be said that there were two varieties in expansionism of modern Japan. The first one was‘nation-standard expansionism'which stood on the ‘nation level',and the second one was ‘regionstandard expansionism'which stood on the‘region level'and took the‘Asianism'as its manifestation.Both of them approved ‘Confrontation with the West'and insisted ‘the Superiority of Japan',which proves that there are some natural correlations between them originally. The study of the thought of Shumei Okawa shows that his ‘nation-standard expansionism'was a form of Fascism which had some different properties at the same time. On the other hand,his ‘region-standard expansionism 'was characterized by the theory of ‘Confrontation between the East and the West',‘War Fatalism ',‘Japan-centrality',and‘Anti-America'. The specific correlation between these two varieties could be explained from three aspects,including the fundamental property,theory core,and theory bridges. They were closely linked and played important roles in the process of invasion of modern Japan.