恋父情结书写与女性意识的渺茫走向

Electra Complex and the Perplexed Trend of Women's Consciousness

现当代女作家笔下关于女性恋父情结的书写无疑属具有另类色彩的题材,在此方面最有代表性的作家是张爱玲、张洁、陈染、张悦然等。在梳理考察现当代女作家笔下的恋父情结书写时,会发现这样两个特点:一是经历了从占有报复,到爱恨兼有,再到美化男性并与男性全盘和解的演进历程;二是女性恋父的情感选择呈现从宿命色彩到自我选择的走向。女性的恋父情结文本必然涉及母女关系的描写和母亲形象的塑造,母亲形象则经过了从对女儿和丈夫单向的忍受与爱乃至无怨无悔的承受,到爱怨交织,再到自私、势利、冷酷的演进路向。这些女作家在同性之谊的书写中,呈现了难以言说的复杂意味,而这种关系成为母女关系的衍生、补充乃至替代品,现当代女作家笔下同性之谊的书写呈现出从广义到狭义的演进脉络。在上述各种关系的书写过程中不难看出女作家的立场嬗变趋向,即性别对抗意味渐趋冲淡,女性文学原本意义上的女性意识似乎也渐行渐远,女性文学的未来走向不免堪忧。

Writing about Electra Complex by modern female writers is unique represented by ZHANG Ai-ling, ZHANG Jie, CHEN Ran and ZHANG Yue-ran. After the sorting out of this writing about Electra Complex, there are two features： first is the experiencing from possession, revenge, to combination of love and hate,finally the beatification of male and reconciliation completely with man; secondly, emotional choice with Elec-tra Complex turns from fatalism to self choice. Text with Electra Complex must involve description of mother-daughter relation and characterization of mother, which transforms from complete bearing and loving daughter and husband one-sidedly to combination of love and hate, selfishness, snobbishness and cruelty. In the writing of sisterhood, these writers show unspeakable complexity, and this relation is the compliment, derivation and replacement of mother--daughter relation. It turns from general to narrow sense. The writing also shows the transformation of the stand of female writers, which weakens the gender conflict, women＇ s consciousness innate in its nature and a troubled future of female writing.