医疗产业与城市复兴:美国工业城市匹兹堡的转型之路

Healthcare Industry and Urban Revival: The Rough Road to Renaissance of Industrial Pittsburgh

作为19世纪末美国的典型工业城市,匹兹堡在20世纪前期却陷入萧条。虽然该市在20世纪50年代迎来了第一次复兴,但在70年代后再度走向衰败。匹兹堡的经历是20世纪中期以来美国产业结构和中心城市功能双重转型的缩影,即去工业化使制造业离开中心城市,继而后者的功能从制造业中心向服务业中心过渡。80年代以来,匹兹堡在双重转型的影响下并借助于联邦、州和地方政府的引导,以匹兹堡大学医疗中心为代表的医疗产业在匹兹堡强势崛起,成功推动产业转型,形成了新的增长模式,带动匹兹堡从制造业中心转型为高技术产业和服务业中心,彻底走出萧条,成为美国城市复兴的典型。

Boasted as the center of steel industry in late 19th Century, Pittsburgh walks from a typical industrial city to a classic depressed metropolis in the first half of 20th Century and then through a rough road to renaissance. Pittsburgh＇ s experience in last century represents the double transitions of American city since 1950s, which means deindustrialization and central cities working not as manufacturing center but as service center. Taking advantage of the double transitions and support from federal, state and local governments, healthcare industry like the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center becomes the backbone of city economy, promotes new industries and drives Pittsburgh out of depression.