非生物胁迫影响水稻颖花育性机理的研究进展

Progress in decoding the impact of abiotic stress on spikelet fertility in rice

本文从颖花发育的形态学和生理学角度,综述了水稻穗分化期至抽穗开花期非生物胁迫导致颖花不育的机理,旨在揭示非生物胁迫导致水稻颖花败育的关键过程及其内在联系.颖花是否可育主要与绒毡层细胞行为、花药开裂与散粉、花粉萌发、受精4个关键过程有关,胁迫通过影响这些关键过程,导致颖花不育.花药发育早期异常变化影响生殖细胞发育与授粉作用.可以通过喷施外源物质或增施硅肥等方法减缓非生物胁迫对颖花育性的伤害.今后需要加强交叉胁迫对颖花育性的影响、不同胁迫对花器官形态结构和生理特性的影响、不同水稻品种对胁迫的响应差异,以及胁迫影响花器官发育的分子生物学机制等方面的研究.

Recent research progress in the impact of abiotic stress on florets sterility was summarized in this review to reveal key processes in determining the floret sterility resulted from abiotic stress and their coherent connections.The spikelet fertility was mainly determined by four key processes,including behavior of tapetum,anther dehiscence and pollen release,pollen germination and fertilization.Abiotic stress affected these processes and led to the spikelet sterility.Abnormal changes at the early-stage of anther growth could impact the development of germ cell and fertilization.Damages of floret fertility caused by abiotic stress could be mitigated via some practices such as spraying exogenous plant growth substances or silicon fertilizer.Some research topics were suggested for future investigation,including the interactions of multiple stress factors on fertility,morphological and physiological effects on floral organ formation,differential responses of rice varieties to abiotic stress,and molecular mechanism of abiotic stress on floral organ development.