人工合成麝香的分析方法及环境污染现状

Environmental Occurrences of Synthetic Musks and Their Analytical Methods

人工合成麝香作为天然麝香的替代物被大量用于日化产品中,按其化学结构可分为硝基麝香、多环麝香和大环麝香3种。人工合成麝香的大量生产及广泛使用使之通过各种途径进入环境,而该物质亲脂性和持久性的特点,导致其在生物体内积累并产生毒理效应,故引起了广泛关注,成为一类新型污染物。该文综述了目前人工合成麝香的分类、环境污染现状及不同基体样品的分析检测方法,为今后合成麝香的风险评价研究提供参考。

Synthetic musks（SMs） are widely used as a substitute of natural musks in consumer products for their low price,special and long-lasting fragrance.They are divided into nitro musks,polycyclic musks and macro musks according to their chemical structures.With the mass production and extensive usage,SMs are continuely released into the environment via direct or indirect ways,and becoming emerging pollutants.Numerous reports have shown that SMs,especially galaxolide（HHCB）,tonalide（AHTN）,musk xylene（MX） and musk ketone（MK）,are available in aquatic environment,soil,air and organisms.Due to their high lipophilicity and persistency,synthetic musks accumulate and produce toxic effect in biotas,thus having increasing impact on ecology and giving rise to public concern.In this paper,the characteristics,exact classification,environmental occurrences and the analysis of SMs are introduced.The main focus is on the analytical methods such as GC and GC-MS,the most common detection methods for SMs.Mass spectrometry is firstly preferred among the analytical methods because of its high selectivity,accuracy and sensitivy in qualitative and quantitative analyses.The preparation techniques for samples with different matrix（eg.water,sewage sluge,sediment,air and biotas） to reduce interference are also discussed,which may still be a notable problem in the near future.