“Sensus Communis”:伽达默尔对常识哲学的重塑

Sensus Communis:Gadamer's Reconstruction to the Philosophy of Common Sense

拉丁文"Sensus Communis"既可以被理解为人人皆知、人人皆有的常识(有常识即理智健全),也可以被理解为一种能贯通五种感官并作判断的能力,即共通感或良知。伽达默尔在20世纪启用它,就是要在西方近代理智主义方法论对精神科学的合法性构成重大挑战的背景中,重新让解释学衔接上西方深厚的人文主义传统,从而为精神科学的真理找到丰富的源头活水。不仅如此,"Sensus Communis"还为伽达默尔打开了以伦理学和政治哲学为核心的古代实践哲学大门,从而奠定了解释学的实践哲学走向。生命乃是"Sensus Communis"的前提条件,精神具有一个诞生、发展和死亡的过程,在此意义上,伽达默尔的解释学也可以被视为一种强调人类有限性的生命形而上学。

Sensus Communis, this Latin words can be understood as common sense which everyone has and knowns it well , and it can also be understood as a ability which can integrate five senses and make judgments, namely conscience. The reason for why Gadamer uses this word in the 20th century is that he wants to link up hermeneutics and the profound Western humanist tradition, hunting for the real sources to the truth of human science, in the background of big challenge which from intellectualism methodology onto the legitimacy of human science. Furthermore, Sensus Communis helps Gadamer to open the door of ancient practical philosophy which puts ethics and political philosophy as the core. Life is the precondition of Sensus Communis, Spirit has a process of birth, development and death. In this sense, Gadamer＇s hermeneutics can also be regarded as a kind of life metaphysics that emphasizes the limitation of human beings.