秸秆与秸秆生物炭还田对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of straw and its derived biochar on soil microbial community structure in soil

秸秆及其生物炭性质的差异可能会导致其还田后土壤微生物结构与特性的改变,从而影响土壤的物质循环。本研究选取芦苇秸秆(Straw,ST)及其生物炭(Biochar,BC)为还田材料,研究它们短期内对土壤微生物群落结构及微生物酶活性的影响。结果表明,BC和ST处理都显著增加了微生物的多样性,但增加的微生物类型存在显著差异。BC处理诱导的特异性微生物其腐殖化能力相对较强,或多以自养方式生存;ST处理诱导的微生物一般氧化活性高,往往在易降解碳源丰富的条件下占优势。较CK而言,ST处理显著增加了酶的活性,使得β-葡萄糖苷酶和脱氢酶活性分别提高了19.23%和187.27%;而BC处理则相反,其抑制了两种酶的活性,使得β-葡萄糖苷酶和脱氢酶活性分别下降了20.85%和61.09%。

The different properties of straws and its derived bioehars may lead to the differences of soil microbial structures and activities after returning to field, thus affecting the substance circulation. In this paper, reed straw （ST） and its derived biochar （BC） were returned to the field to study their effects on soil microbial community structure and microbial activities in a short time. The results showed that both BC and ST treatments significantly increased microbial diversity, but the microbial types increased were significantly different. The specific microorganisms induced by BC had strong humification ability and mostly lived by autotrophie style; The microorganisms induced by ST had strong oxidation activity and dominated under the conditions of abundant easily biodegradable carbon sources. Besides, BC treatment had inhibitory effects on soil microbial enzymes, while ST treatment promoted the activities of them.