现代汉语使役句的功能视角研究

The Chinese Causative Clause: A Functional Approach

现代汉语学界对含有"使""令""让"等词的典型使役句的研究主要基于传统语法角度,通常将其作为特殊句型兼语句来对待。本文另辟蹊径在系统功能语法框架内讨论现代汉语使役句语义特点和句式结构。研究认为:汉语使役句语义构成为"使役方+过程+受役方",其中使役方描述"物化的情形"或情形,而受役方只描述情形。使役句在句式上属于单句范畴,结构为"主语+谓体+补语",其中主语由词组或小句填充,补语只由小句填充。本文着重研究使役句的过程意义,提出新分类依据,并在此基础上对其参与者角色进行功能语义和句法分析。

Previous studies of Chinese typical causative clauses involving words such as shi, ling and rang are mainly carried out from the perspective of traditional grammar. This paper investigates semantic features and syntactic structures of Chinese causative clauses within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The research shows that the semantic configuration of the causa- tive clause is Causer ＋ Process ＋ Caused, within which the Causer and the Caused represent a situation respectively. Syntactical- ly, the causative clause is a simple clause featured by the structure of Subject ＋ Predicate ＋ Complement, within which the Sub- ject and the Complement are, in principle, filled respectively by a clause. The paper carries out a thorough research of the causa- tive process and proposes a new classification standard, followed by a detailed functional semantic and syntactic analysis of its two participant roles.