异质感中的翻译主体性——论施莱尔马赫的“送读者到原作者处”

Translating Subjectivity in the Feeling of Foreignness——Exploring Schleiermacher's “Reader-to-Author” Approach

本文根据主体性概念阐述翻译主体性的内涵——为我性、受动性、能动性,进而分析施莱尔马赫的"送读者到原作者处"中蕴含的翻译主体性思想。首先,施莱尔马赫要求译者阅读源文时保持异质感,说明其异化翻译以目的语文化为中心,受为我性指引;其次,他要求译者遵循翻译的一致性原则,使译文生成与源文相似印象,这体现出受动性;再者,他主张译者用语言创新的视角来挑选和阐释源文、评估译文异质性语言的价值,既满足翻译一致性的要求,又服务革新书面德语的目标,体现出能动性。3者统一于民族语言纲领。

This paper employs the philosophical concept subjectivity and analyzes the three attributes of translating subjectivity, name- ly, self-centrality, passivity and initiative. And then it uses the three attributes to analyze Schleiermacher＇s famous translation ap- proach ＂send the reader to the author＂ （also known as foreignization theory）. Firstly, the translating subject is required to sus- tain the feeling of foreignness when reading the foreign text. Such feeling is actually an indication of self-centrality. Secondly, the translating subject is required to conform to the translational consistency principle and transplant in the target text the same im- pression with the source text. The consistency principle is the source of passivity. Thirdly, initiative is reflected in the perspec- tive of linguistic innovation he advocates both for selecting and interpreting the source text and for evaluating textual foreignness. This perspective helps the translating subject meet the translational consistency requirement and achieve the purpose of shaping written German. These three elements of translating subjectivity are united in the linguistic agenda of nationalism.