水肥耦合对“重阳红”桃果实产量、品质及叶片光合性能的影响

Effects of Fertilizer and Water Coupling on Yield,Quality and Leaf Photosynthetic Capacity of 'Chongyanghong' Peach

以盛果期12年生中晚熟品种"重阳红"桃为试材,研究了水肥耦合对"重阳红"桃果实产量、品质及采果前叶片光合性能的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,施用蚯蚓粪后平均单株产量增加3.95%~49.72%,株施蚯蚓粪9kg增产效果最佳;施用相同量蚯蚓粪条件下,水肥耦合处理的增产效果显著优于不灌水的处理,株施蚯蚓粪9kg,灌水30L(T4处理)的产量最高。施用蚯蚓粪可不同程度地提高桃果实内在品质,其中T4处理可显著增加果实中的可溶性固形物、固酸比,相比对照分别提高了17.40%和60.27%。施用蚯蚓粪还可提高采果前叶片光合性能,显著提高了叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度,其中T4处理效果最佳,分别为对照的1.33、1.30、1.56倍。同样,施用相同量蚯蚓粪的情况下,水肥耦合处理的蒸腾速率、气孔导度显著高于不灌水处理。综上所述,施用蚯蚓粪可提高桃的产量和果实品质,也可提高采果前叶片光合性能,其中株施蚯蚓粪9kg,灌水30L处理的效果最好。

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on yield, quality and leaf photosynthetic capacity of twelve-year-old trees of the middle-late mature cultivar ＇Chongyanghong＇ peach before harvest. The results indicated that compared with CK, the yield per plant increased by 3.95%--49.72% after applying vermicompost, furthermore, the yield- increasing effect was optimal when the amount of vermicompost was 9 kg per plant. With the same amount of vermicompost, the treatments without irrigating paled in comparison with the effects of water and fertilizer coupling treatments on increasing yield,whilst the T4 treatment（vermicompost per plant 9 kg, irrigation amount per plant 30 L） had the highest yield. Applying vermicompost could improve the intrinsic quality to different degree. Especially, the T4 treatment could improve the mass fraction of soluble solid and the ratio of TSS significantly. The indicators mentioned above increased by 17.40% and 60. 27% respectively compared with CK; applying vermicompost could also improve the leaf photosynthetic capacity before harvest,and the effect of T4 treatment was the best. Pn,Tr,Gs of the leaf were significantly higher than CK,of 1.33,1.30,1.56 times respectively than CK. Similarly, effects of water and fertilizer coupling treatments on Tr and Gs were better than which with the same amount of vermicompost but without irrigating obviously. From those statements,we could attain the conclusion that applying vermicompost could increase yield, quality and pre-harvest leaf photosynthetic capacity of ＇Chongyanghong＇ peach. Among five treatments, the T4 treatment （vermicompost per plant 9 kg,irrigation amount per plant 30 L） was the best.