法定继承的权利义务相一致原则对赡养义务内容的再塑造

Reshaping the Content of Support Duty According to Consistent Principle of Rights and Obligations of Statutory Succession

法定继承中的权利义务相一致原则为赡养义务的履行和法定继承中的遗产继承份额不均等分配搭建了一个通道,采取利益激励机制,鼓励具有继承人身份的赡养义务人积极地履行义务。该制度的实现依赖于赡养义务的积极履行,也依赖于赡养义务履行的可评价性,但赡养义务中的精神赡养与物质赡养的行为效果适用不同的评价机制,将其勉强与法定继承中的遗产继承不均等分配所要求的评价体系相衔接,既会使得法定继承中的权利义务一致性原则缺乏一个公正合理的评价基础,从而影响其有效运行,又会使得精神赡养与物质赡养的履行发生冲突。以符号互动论为角度,赡养义务为法定继承权利义务一致性原则确定了一个评价标准,但是法定继承中的权利义务一致性原则的结果也为赡养义务的履行程度提供了一个参照体系。为了促使赡养义务的积极履行,合理地调配继承份额在当事人之间的比例,应将精神赡养从物质赡养中分离出去,单独规定精神赡养的奖惩机制。

The principle of consistent rights and obligations in statutory succession establishes a channel for the performance of the maintenance obligation and the unequal distribution of inheritance share in statutory succession, adopting the incentive mechanism and encouraging the active duty of the maintenance obligor with the status of heir. The objective of the system depends on the active performance of the maintenance obligation and the scalability of the maintenance obligation, but the effects of the spiritual support and material support are applied for different evaluation mechanism, connected with the evaluation system which is required by the unequal distribution of inheritance, so as to make the principle of rights and obligations in statutory succession lack a fair and reasonable evaluation basis and affect its effective operation, as well as conflict with the performance of spiritual support and material support. Based on symbolic interaction theory, the consistency principle for the rights and obligations for the statutory succession determines an evaluation standard, but the consistency results of the rights and obligations of the statutory succession provides a reference for the implementation of the system. In order to promote the active performance of the maintenance obligation, the proportion of inheritance shares in the parties should be rationally allocated. Meanwhile, spiritual support should be separated from material support, and the reward and punishment mechanism of spiritual support should be regulated separately.