测谎鉴定意见的应用现状及证据效力研究

The current application of polygraph expert testimony and its probative value

测谎技术(polygraph)经过一个多世纪的发展,目前在多个领域都有不同程度的应用,但我国法律尚未对测谎鉴定意见的法律地位做出明确规定。本文简要介绍了测谎技术的历史发展,分析了测谎鉴定意见的证据属性及其信度、效度,并总结了将测谎鉴定意见作为证据使用还存在的几个问题:1.测谎专业人员培养滞后,测试人员水平参差不齐,从业资格认证与管理缺乏统一的规范;2.对于测谎鉴定的应用范围、测试主体、启动程序等缺乏法律依据;3、测谎鉴定意见的假阳性率无法消除,盲目认定其证据效力存在风险。最后针对问题提出了对策与建议,相信通过不断的努力,可以使测谎技术更为科学、有效、规范地服务于我国的司法实践。

After more than one century＇s development, polygraph now has been used in many fields with various degrees of success. However, the legal status of polygraph expert testimony has not been clearly specified. This paper briefly introduces the historical development of polygraph test methods, analyzes the evidentiary properties, reliability and validity of polygraph expert testimony, and summarizes problems of admitting polygraph expert testimony at trial. Problems with polygraph expert testimony include：（1） Absence of adequate polygraph test professional training, large variation of polygraph test professionals＇ proficiency in polygraph test operation, and lack of uniformed accreditation standards;（2） Lack of legal standards of the scope of the utilization of polygraph, qualified practitioners, and the initiation of polygraph examination procedure;（3） Impossibility of eradicating the false positive rate, and the risk of blindly admitting its probative value. This article proposes countermeasures and suggestions in the end. We believe, through continuous efforts, polygraph examination methodology would become more scientific, valid and standardized, and by then polygraph would be used at trials.