基于综合评价体系的五轴数控机床加工性能评价和误差溯源方法

Method of Machining Error Tracing and Processing Performance Evaluation for Five-axis CNC Machine Tool Based on the Comprehensive Evaluation System

五轴数控机床的加工性能在制造行业一直是研究的热点,基于检验试件切削是常见的测评方法,然而试件和机床之间的映射关系难以确定,出现误差后如何调整精度成为难点。为了科学对其评价,通过仿真平台建立了机床控制系统参数与五轴机床检验试件——S试件加工误差之间的映射关系,引入机床各轴分类评价的隶属度,此基础上开发了误差溯源的综合评价体系,由三坐标测量机得到的S件轮廓误差数据反求出机床的加工性能等级和较差的轴类控制参数,并制订了基于S试件的机床加工精度测评规范,最后通过某五轴AB摆数控机床的切削试验,验证了方法的有效性。该成果有助于解决我国高端制造业长期缺乏机床性能测评的共性技术问题,具有重要的应用前景和经济价值。

Machining performance of five-axis CNC machine tool in the manufacturing industry has been a hot research, evaluation method based on cutting of test piece is common, but it is difficult to determine the relationship between test piece and machine tool. When appearing cutting error, how to adjust accuracy becomes difficult. In order to evaluate scientifically, mapping relationship between the parameters of control system of the machine tool and the test specimen is established by using simulation platform. Based on the membership degree of the evaluation of the classification of the machine tools, comprehensive evaluation system based on error tracing is developed. By using three coordinate measuring machine to measure the error data of the outline of the S part, the data are used to reverse level of machining performance and find control parameters of the poor axis, meanwhile formulating the standard of measurement and evaluation of machining accuracy of the machine tool based on the S part. Finally, the effectiveness of the method of comprehensive evaluation is verified by cutting experiments of AB double swing five-axis CNC machine tools. The Achievement is helpful to solve the problem of common technical problems about lacking of the evaluation of processing performance for five-axis CNC machine tool in the long-term and high-end manufacturing industry in China, which has important application prospect and economic value.