影响新生儿肠道细菌定植相关因素的研究进展

The determinants of gut bacterial colonization in neonates:Research progress

胃肠道内源菌群组成了人体内最大的微生物环境,它构成复杂,种类繁多,并且与人类的疾病和健康息息相关。同时新生儿阶段是建立肠道微生态系统的关键时期。对于新生儿来讲,肠道细菌定植过程中发生的异常可以提高许多疾病的发病风险。近年来国内外学者对新生儿肠道细菌定植状况及其影响因素进行了深入的临床和基础研究并取得了一定的进展。本文对影响生命早期肠道微生态系统建立和发展的主要因素进行系统地阐述,这些影响因素包括孕妇的口腔卫生、分娩时间、喂养方式、分娩方式、抗生素的使用以及益生菌的应用等。

The human endogenous gastrointestinal microflora constitutes the largest microenvironment in the human body.The microbiome with complex community and wide variety is increasingly understood as having a fundamentally important role in health and disease.Meanwhile,neonatal stage is the vital period for the establishment of gut microecosystem,and any abnormal colonization in this stage may increase the risk of many diseases for infants.In recent years,more and more basic clinical researches on the determinants of intestinal bacterial colonization in neonates were proceeded by scholars from home and abroad.This article systematically summarizes the main factors that affect the composition and development of this ecosystem in early life,such as oral hygiene of pregnants,delivery time,diet,mode of birth,use of antibiotics and probiotics and so on.