论我国宪法解释制度的完善

The Improvement of China's Constitutional Interpretation System

宪法实施能彰显宪法的最高法律效力和权威,它离不开宪法解释,但通过对宪法解释的实践样态进行分析,发现我国宪法解释却长期处于虚置状态,原因不只是实践对规范文本的背离,还在于宪法解释本身设置的不合理。通过对我国历部宪法关于宪法解释的文本分析,发现我国宪法解释不仅存在主体争议问题,还存在权限不清、程序欠缺、效力不明、不便适用等多方面的问题,这些问题折射出宪法解释难以发挥其保障宪法实施的功能。反思我国宪法解释的文本与实践问题,明确宪法解释是主体在宪法实施过程中对宪法文本及意义的阐明,全国人大及其常委会都应是我国的宪法解释主体,其作出的宪法解释具有特殊效力。同时,为解决宪法解释在主体、权限、程序、效力等方面的问题,增强宪法解释的可操作性,我国应尽快制定《宪法解释程序法》,保障宪法的实施,彰显宪法权威。

The implementation of the constitution can demonstrate the highest legal effect and authority of the constitution, which cannot be separated from constitutional interpretation. However, an analysis of the practice of constitutional interpretation demonstrates that China＇s constitutional interpretation has always been in a state of nullity. The reasons are not only that the practice deviates from the normative text, but also that the subject of constitutional interpretation itself is set unreasonably. Through a textual analysis of China＇s histori- cal constitutional provisions concerning the subjects of constitutional interpretation, the article expounds that the problems about China＇s constitutional interpretation include not only the controversy over the subjects, but also ill-defined authority, lack of procedure, unclear force adeffect, inconvenient application, etc. These problems reflect the fact that constitutional interpretation can hardly achieve its function of safeguarding the implementation of the Constitution. Constitutional interpretation is the clarification of the text and meaning of the constitution in the course of the implementation of the constitution. The National People＇s Congress and its Standing Committee should be the subjects of constitutional interpretation, and their constitutional interpretations have special effects. At the same time, in order to solve the problems of constitutional interpretation, and also to enhance the operability of constitutional interpretation, China should enact a Constitutional Interpretation Procedure Law as soon as possible. In this way, it can guarantee the implementation of the constitution and demonstrate the constitutional authority.