贸易开放对中国劳动者人力资本投资的异质性影响

The Heterogeneous Impact of Trade Openness on China's Human Capital Investment

通过建立个体劳动者人力资本投资决策模型,并基于斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森(S-S)定理,理论分析了贸易开放对个体劳动者人力资本投资的总体影响,同时从地区差异、行业差异、企业差异和个人差异等方面理论出发,研究贸易开放对人力资本投资的异质性影响;最后采用中国居民家庭收入调查(CHIP)数据,实证检验了贸易开放对中国劳动者人力资本投资的异质性影响。研究结果表明,从总体上看,贸易开放对中国劳动者人力资本投资具有显著的负面影响,其中进口比出口更不利于中国劳动者人力资本投资。进一步的研究考察则表明,贸易开放在地区、行业、企业和个体劳动者等层面对中国人力资本积累存在显著的异质性影响,具体表现在:在东部地区,贸易开放对人力资本的负面作用更为明显;制造业劳动者的职业培训受到贸易开放的负面影响比生产服务业要大,其教育年限受到贸易开放的负面影响比生产服务业要小;企业经营利润增加和企业规模扩大有助于降低贸易开放对人力资本积累的负面作用;高技能职业劳动者的职业培训受到贸易开放的负面影响更大。

This paper first builds a human capital investment model,makes theoretical research on the impact of trade openness on China＇s human capital investment based on the S-S theorem,and analyzes the heterogeneous effect of trade openness on China＇s human capital investment from the regional,industrial,enterprise and individual differences. Based on Chinese residents family income survey（CHIP）,the paper then makes experimental test and analysis. Results show that trade openness generally leads to a negative effect on human capital investment of China＇s individual worker,and import is worse than export. Further study shows that trade openness leads heterogeneous impacts to individual workers of different regions,industries,enterprises and abilities. Theses impacts are that trade openness leads to a bigger negative effect on human capital investment in the eastern region,the negative effect on job training of manufacturing workers is bigger than service workers,the increase of the enterprise＇s profit and scale can help to lessen the negative impact,and the negative impact to the skilled workers is bigger than others.