摘要
语义演变造成新词的常见模式有词汇替换和仅产生新词两种;语言间词汇借贷造成新词的常见情形包括替换和互补借贷两种。确定新词的来源属于其中哪一种,有两个关键问题要考虑:传播链条的确立,时间深度的测算。前人的研究很早就注意到"茶"在我国西南的一些藏缅语、南亚语以及侗台语中有与la类似的形式。本文以此为例,说明通过语言比较,可以澄清~*la"茶"类词的起源与传播模式,即~*la"茶"起源于藏缅语的~*s-la"叶子">"茶",从彝语传播到傣语,再经由傣语传播到部分孟-高棉语(如布朗语、佤语)。
Semantic change gives rise to new words commonly in two ways, namely via lexical replacement after competition or the creation of new words without competition or substitution. Similarly, lexical borrowing across languages also commonly results in new words in two ways, that is, substitutional borrowing and complementary borrowing. Hence, to determine which is the origin of a new word in a particular language, two key points are involved, viz. establishing a transmission chain and dating the chronological sequence. It has been noted that the word "tea" has similar forms resembling/la/in certain languages across Southwestern China, including those of Tibeto-Burman, Kam-Tai and Austroasiatic. Taking this case, this paper reconstructs the origin of *la "tea" and its transmission by means of language comparison. The conclusion is that it has evolved from Tibeto-Burman *s-la "leaf", and diffused from Yi languages to Dai languages, and further to Mon-Khmer languages(such as Wa and Blang).
出处
《民族语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期61-78,共18页
Minority Languages of China
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于中国语言及方言的语言接触类型和演化建模研究”(项目号14ZBD102)
国家社会科学基金重点项目“基于严格语音对应的汉语与民族语关系字专题研究”(项目号13AZD051)
