载瓦语现实和非现实范畴的实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Realis/Irrealis Category in Zaiwa

载瓦语的句子存在现实范畴和非现实范畴的对立。其标记是:现实句在句尾加助词?a^(55)(主语为单数、第一人称复数、无生名词复数)或a^(31)k?^(51)(主语为第二、三人称复数、有生名词复数)来表示;非现实句在句尾添加助词lε^(51)。现实和非现实标记与时态存在共现限制,与认知-表述特征存在共现倾向,与文体存在一定关联。

Realis and Irrealis contrast exists in Zaiwa sentences. The sentence markers are as follows： 3a^55 （the subjects being either singular or first person plural or plural inanimate nouns） or a^31k,^51 （the subjects being either second or third person plural or plural animate nouns） occur at the end ofrealis sentences while 1ε51 occurs at the end ofirrealis sentences. Through an empirical study on the Zaiwa texts, this paper discusses the semantic characteristics of the realis and irrealis category as well as the characteristics of the two types of markers in actual use. It proposes that the realis and irrealis markers are subjected to co-occurrence restraints with the tense category, share a co-occurrence tendency with cognitive-representational characteristics, and correlate to some extent with the text styles.