老龄化背景下农业的可能性及其意义——以韩国农业为例

The Possibility and Significance of Agriculture under the Background of Aging-- the Experience and Revelation of South Korea

韩国农村在1980年代便进入了老龄化社会,2015年时达70%的农业经营主在60岁以上,是典型的老人农业。韩国老人农业得以持续的外部条件在于,韩国农业的高度机械化和完善的农业社会化服务体系;内在基础则在于其单位面积产出和收入的非低效性以及对老龄农户家计维持的重要性;而主观动力在于务农对老龄农户所提供的经济性保障和社会性意义,以及所具有的对老龄化社会的多功能性。老人农业并不是农业的终结,并不意味着农业的低效率以及农业的后继无人,如果积极创造条件,老人农业可“化弊为利”,发挥积极功能。

With the arrival of aging society, the aging trend in rural areas is more serious, which challenges the development of agriculture and rural areas in China, Based on the data of Korea National Bureau of Statistics, the present situation, conditions, efficiency and social significance of aging agriculture are investigated, in order to provide reference for China~ The research shows the mechanization of agriculture and the improvement of agricultural socialized service have overcome the physical obstacles of the aged farmers , the same unit area output and income as well as the young group provided economic and social support for older farmers, and the multifunctional agriculture in support of the aged farmers farming high willingness. Aging agriculture is not the end of agriculture, ,if the positive conditions to create, the Aging agriculture can turn disadvantages for profit, play a positive function.