含磷二元醇/APP阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫的性能

The Properties of Flame Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Phosphorous-Containing Polyol/Ammonium Polyphosphate

以聚醚多元醇、多次甲基多异氰酸酯、含磷二元醇(P-polyol)和聚磷酸铵(APP)为主要原料,制备出综合性能较好的阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)。结果表明:P-polyol与APP复配,可在提高RPUF阻燃性能的同时,增强力学性能,提高热稳定性;当P-polyol的添加量为31.8份、APP的添加量为95.0份时,改性RPUF的极限氧指数(LOI)增大至27.0%,烟密度等级(SDR)降低为24.0%;且此时的冲击强度和压缩强度均高于纯RPUF。微型燃烧量热(MCC)、热重(TG)和扫描电镜(SEM)测试表明:P-polyol与APP的复配改性使RPUF生成了连续致密的炭层,残炭率提高,稳定性增强;其总热释放量为22.7 kJ/g、热释放峰值为132 W/g,相比纯RPUF有明显下降。

The flame retardant rigid polyurethane foams（RPUF） with excellent comprehensive properties were prepared by polyether polyol, polyaryl polymethylene isoeyanate, phosphorus-containing polyol （P-polyol） and ammonium polyphosphate （APP） as the main materials. The results indicated that these RPUFs modified by APP in conjunction with P-polyol exhibited good mechanical properties, improved flame retardancy and higher thermal stability as compared to the conventional ones. The limiting oxygen index （LOI） and the smoke density rank were 27.0% and 24.0% . Respectively, when the quantity of P-polyol was 31.8 phr,the content of APP was 95.0 phr. And the modified RPUF had achieved improvement of comressive strength and impact strength, compared with pure RPUF. Microscale combustion colorimeter （MCC） test, thmeral stability （TG）, and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation demonstrated that the modified RPUFs by APP and P-polyol formed the continous and compact char layer. In addition,total heat release （THR） was 22.7 kJ/g, peak of the heat release rate （pHRR） was 132 W/g,which was obviously reduced.