脑血管旁通路与脑疾病相关性研究进展

Correlation between Cerebral Perivascular Pathway and Brain Diseases

脑血管旁通路的结构基础是脑血管周围间隙,包括脑血管壁平滑肌细胞间隙、脑血管与软膜之间的空隙、软膜与星形胶质细胞终足之间的空隙。水通道蛋白4(AQP4)是一个不可缺少的组分,实验发现敲除AQP4基因导致脑血管旁通路上的液体流明显减少,同时使脑间质中物质清除受阻。脑血管旁通路的功能在于维持脑内液体平衡、清除脑代谢产物以及免疫调节,与脑水肿、阿尔茨海默病、外伤性脑损伤、脑积水等神经系统病变密切相关。探究两者之间的关系,有利于深化对上述脑病发生发展机制的认识,对探究治疗方法或药物新靶点有十分重要的意义。

The cerebral perivascular pathway has its basal structure called perivascular space, which includes space between smooth muscle cells of the cerebrovascular wall, space between cerebrovascular wall and the pia mater, and space between the pia mater and the astrocyte end foot. One of the most important strcture in the pathway is AQP4, and it is found that bulk flow as well as the clearance of interstitial metabolin were reduced significantly in AQP4-null mice. Functions of the perivascular pathway involve in maintaining water balance, metabolin clearance and immune regulation of the brain, and it has close connection with brain diseases such as brain edema, Alzheimer＇s disease, traumatic brain injury. Exploring the relationship between the cerebral perivascular pathway and these diseases would be meaningful for a thorough understanding and new therapeutic methods research of brain diseases.