美国对“一带一路”倡议的认知及中国的策略选择——基于对美国布鲁金斯学会和外交关系委员会学者观点的分析

U.S. Perceptions of China's “Belt and Road Initiative” and China's Policy Options

"一带一路"倡议的实施,不仅需要沿线国家的积极响应,也需要域外国家的理解和支持。美国作为重要的外部因素,其对"一带一路"倡议的认知至关重要。通过研究美国布鲁金斯学会及外交关系委员会学者的观点发现,美国对"一带一路"倡议的认知虽包含一定客观理性的成分,但基于战略谨慎的认知仍占主导地位。目前美国已明确表态愿与中国在"一带一路"项目上合作,但其内在动机仍是竞争,意在维护其自身利益及霸权地位。基于此,中国的策略选项包括:构建"中美利益共同体",深化中美"一带一路"对话交流,拓宽美国了解"一带一路"倡议的渠道,挖掘中美在"一带一路"合作中的共同利益,妥善处理周边争端,主动构建"一带一路"倡议的规则体系。

The effective implementation of China's 'Belt and Road Initiative' depends not only on the positive responses from countries along the two trade routes but also on the understanding and support from countries outside the region.As a key external factor that could affect China's strategic environment,U.S.perceptions of the B&R are very important.A survey of scholarly views at the Brookings Institution and the Council Foreign Relations on the B&R finds that U.S.perceptions are generally cautious,although there are some objective and rational voices.A majority of the experts have expressed interests for Washington to join China's diplomatic initiative as they see its huge economic benefits for both sides.The survey also finds that positive scholarly perceptions of the B&R are based on the traditional U.S.strategic interests in maintaining U.S.regional leadership in the Asia-Pacific.The author proposes some policy options for China: establishing a Sino-U.S.interests community,intensifying dialogues and exchanges on the B&R initiative,broadening converging interests between Beijing and Washington;managing discords and disputes;and cultivating habits of cooperation on major issues.